Jungian Analysis of the Chinese Mythological Image of Sun Wukong.

This paper examines the symbolism of the cultural image Sun Wukong (the Monkey King), a Chinese legendary hero, and how it influenced an eight-year-old boy's psychic development. Through an analysis of Sun Wukong's life from his birth to attaining Buddhahood, a three-phase healing process is identified in Sun Wukong's tale and the psychotherapeutic process: "naming and initiating," "nurturing and taming," and "transforming and transcending," proposed by Dr. Heyong Shen. Sandplay visually highlighted these key clinical changes in conscious awareness and developmental behaviour influencing the boy's individuation process. Images found either in cultural traditions or spontaneously emerging from the unconscious in individuals are of significance in human life, offering pathways to psychic healing and development. Further, myths and cultural resources used in clinical work demonstrate that having cultural competency is invaluable in Jungian analysis. Pathogenic and health-maintenance factors of culture can be explored in future clinical practice and research.

Cet article étudie le symbolisme de l'image culturelle d'un héros légendaire chinois; Sun Wukong (le roi singe). L'article explore comment cette image a influencé le développement psychique d'un garçon de huit ans. À travers une analyse de la vie de Sun Wukong depuis sa naissance jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne la bouddhéité, un processus de guérison en trois phases est identifié dans le conte de Sun Wukong et dans le processus psychothérapeutique, et proposé par le Dr Heyong Shen : « nommer et initier ¼, « apprivoiser et nourrir ¼ et « transformer et transcender ¼. La thérapie par le jeu de sable a ensuite mis en évidence visuellement ces changements cliniques clés dans la prise de conscience et le comportement développemental, qui ont influencé le processus d'individuation du garçon. Les images trouvées dans les traditions culturelles ou qui émergent spontanément de l'inconscient chez les individus sont importantes dans la vie des êtres humains : elles fournissent des voies de guérison et de développement psychiques. De plus, les mythes et les ressources culturelles utilisés dans le travail clinique montrent que la compétence culturelle est inestimable dans l'analyse jungienne. Les facteurs pathogènes et les facteurs de maintien de la santé - présents dans la culture - peuvent être explorés dans la pratique clinique et la recherche futures.

Este artículo explora el simbolismo de la imagen cultural de Sun Wukong (el Rey Mono), un héroe legendario chino, y cómo influyó en el desarrollo psíquico de un niño de ocho años. A través de un análisis de la vida de Sun Wukong desde su nacimiento hasta alcanzar la Budeidad, se identifica un proceso de curación en tres fases en el cuento de Sun Wukong y en el proceso psicoterapéutico: "nombrar e iniciar", "domar y nutrir" y "transformar y trascender", propuestos por el Dr. Heyong Shen. A continuación, el juego de arena puso de relieve visualmente estos cambios clínicos en la conciencia y en el desarrollo del comportamiento, influyendo en el proceso de individuación del niño. Las imágenes que se encuentran tanto en las tradiciones culturales, como las que que emergen espontáneamente del inconsciente de los individuos son importantes en la vida humana, ya que ofrecen vías para la curación psíquica y el desarrollo. Además, los mitos y los recursos culturales utilizados en el trabajo clínico demuestran que tener competencia cultural es inestimable en el análisis junguiano. Los factores patógenos y de mantenimiento de la salud de la cultura pueden explorarse en la práctica clínica y la investigación futuras.

Where Does I Stand? Reflections on Home and Identity Ensnared in a Cultural Narrative.

In this paper the author explores a cultural narrative that she suggests rests on the concepts of the Feminine and Masculine as such, employing both as though they contain an agreed set of universal givens. These givens are extrapolated from an androcentric perspective on female and male bodies, in particular their biological functions regarding reproduction. The metaphors of the baby-in-womb, mother's preoccupation with child and heteronormative sexual relations are the primary cyphers for the narrative. She suggests that remaining unconscious of this narrative, such that it is taken as a universal given, can hamper a person's relation to themselves, the world and others. The author names two concepts, Home and Identity: Home being an hospitable and accommodating space with Identity denoting the one who inhabits the space. In the narrative these two are unhelpfully categorized as belonging to the Feminine and the Masculine respectively. For ease of understanding the author uses a capital letter to designate an abstract idea, and lower case when referring to the concrete or particular. Clinical examples are given throughout the paper to illustrate how acknowledgement and awareness of this narrative might free the analyst or therapist to think more broadly around issues pertaining to space and identity.

Dans cet article, l'auteur explore un récit culturel qui, selon elle, repose sur les concepts du Féminin et du Masculin en tant que tels, utilisant ces deux termes comme s'ils contenaient un ensemble convenu de données universelles. Ces données sont dérivées à partir d'une perspective androcentrique des corps féminins et masculins, en particulier leurs fonctions biologiques en matière de reproduction. Les métaphores du bébé dans le ventre de la mère, de la préoccupation de la mère pour les enfants et des relations sexuelles hétéro-normatives sont les principaux codes du récit. Elle suggère que si l'on reste inconscient de ce récit, et que l'on continue à le considérer comme une donnée universelle, cela peut entraver la relation d'une personne à elle-même, au monde et aux autres. L'auteur nomme deux concepts, « Home ¼ et Identité: « Home ¼ étant un espace hospitalier et accueillant, et « Identité ¼ désignant celui qui habite l'espace. Dans le récit, ces deux termes sont catégorisés comme appartenant respectivement au Féminin et au Masculin, ce qui pose problème. Pour faciliter la compréhension, l'auteur utilise une majuscule pour désigner une idée abstraite, et des minuscules lorsqu'elle se réfère au concret ou au particulier. Des exemples cliniques sont donnés tout au long de l'article pour illustrer que prendre la mesure de ce récit et développer la prise de conscience pourraient libérer l'analyste ou le thérapeute et lui permettre de réfléchir de manière plus large aux questions relatives à l'espace et à l'identité.

En este artículo la autora explora una narrativa cultural que, según sugiere, se basa en los conceptos de lo Femenino y lo Masculino como tales, empleando ambos como si contuvieran un conjunto consensuado de datos universales. Estas premisas se extrapolan desde una perspectiva androcéntrica de los cuerpos femenino y masculino, en particular de sus funciones biológicas en relación con la reproducción. Las metáforas del bebé en el vientre materno, la preocupación de la madre por el niño y las relaciones sexuales heteronormativas son las principales claves de la narrativa. Sugiere que permanecer inconsciente de esta narrativa, de modo que se tome como un hecho universal, puede obstaculizar la relación de una persona consigo misma, con el mundo y con los demás. La autora nombra dos conceptos, Hogar e Identidad: El hogar es un espacio hospitalario y acogedor, mientras que la identidad designa a la persona que lo habita. En la narrativa, estos dos conceptos se clasifican de manera infructuosa como pertenecientes a lo Femenino y lo Masculino, respectivamente. Para facilitar la comprensión, la autora utiliza la mayúscula para designar una idea abstracta, y la minúscula cuando se refiere a lo concreto o particular. A lo largo del artículo se ofrecen ejemplos clínicos para ilustrar cómo el reconocimiento y la toma de conciencia de esta narrativa pueden liberar al analista o al terapeuta para pensar de forma más amplia en torno a cuestiones relacionadas con el espacio y la identidad.

Devouring and Asphyxia: Paradigm Crisis, the Depletion of the Hero and Complex Thought1.

This article deals with the profound paradigm crisis that affects modernity and threatens the destiny of humanity. This crisis results from the lack of perspective offered by the paradigm of modernity with its emphasis on unilateral rationality, scientific objectivity, and exploitation of natural resources by a hyper development of an inflated Hero archetype. The emergence of a new paradigm of complexity, C. G. Jung's complex psychology, and Ameridian perspectivism, may offer new paths to approach these serious problems lived by modern man. A clinical vignette illustrates how complex psychology may also help with individual patients suffering from psychosomatic complaints.

Cet article traite de la profonde crise de paradigme qui affecte la modernité et qui menace le destin de l'humanité. Cette crise est le résultat du manque de perspective offert par le paradigme de la modernité, qui met l'accent sur la rationalité unilatérale, l'objectivité scientifique, et l'exploitation des ressources naturelles dans un hyper-développement de l'archétype du Héros, affecté par l'inflation. L'émergence d'un nouveau paradigme de la complexité, la psychologie complexe de C.G. Jung, et le perspectivisme Amérindien peuvent offrir de nouvelles ouvertures pour aborder ces problèmes sérieux que vit l'homme moderne. Une vignette clinique illustre comment la psychologie complexe peut aussi aider en ce qui concerne les patients individuels souffrants de problèmes psychosomatiques.

Este artículo aborda la profunda crisis de paradigma que afecta a la modernidad y amenaza el destino de la humanidad. Esta crisis es el resultado de la falta de perspectiva que ofrece el paradigma de la modernidad con su énfasis en la racionalidad unilateral, la objetividad científica y la explotación de los recursos naturales mediante el hiperdesarrollo de un arquetipo de Héroe inflado. La emergencia de un nuevo paradigma de la complejidad, la psicología compleja de C.G. Jung y el perspectivismo Amerindio pueden ofrecer nuevas vías para abordar estos graves problemas que vive el hombre moderno. Una viñeta clínica ilustra cómo la psicología compleja también puede ayudar con pacientes individuales que sufren dolencias psicosomáticas.

Monitoring Resistance of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Insecticides by Using Encapsulated Artificial Diet Bioassay.

The novel ingestion bioassay method was developed for detecting and monitoring resistance of Euschistus heros by encapsulating an artificial liquid diet using Parafilm®. This methodology was compared with the tarsal contact (vial test) and topical application methods for thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and lambda-cyhalothrin. The best bioassay method for the neonicotinoid insecticides thiamethoxam and imidacloprid was ingestion. For pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin, the best result was obtained by topical application. Using the best bioassay method for each insecticide, the susceptibility to these insecticides was monitored in 30 populations of E. heros collected from soybean crops in Brazil from 2018 to 2020. High variations in susceptibility to thiamethoxam (resistance ratios, 1.6-22 times), imidacloprid (resistance ratios, 1.6-22 times), and lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios, 5-40 times) were detected among the evaluated E. heros populations. In order to monitor the susceptibility of E. heros to insecticides, diagnostic concentrations were defined based on the LC99 of the susceptible reference population: 5.65 µL of a.i./mL for thiamethoxam, 12.45 µL of a.i./mL for imidacloprid, and 0.20 µg of a.i./insect for lambda-cyhalothrin. Subsequently, we select an E. heros strain resistant to neonicotinoid insecticides and another to lambda-cyhalothrin. The resistance ratios obtained after seven selection cycles were 66, 41 and 44 times for thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively.

[From hero to deserter, figures of the caregiver at the time of COVID-19]. / Du héros au déserteur, figures du soignant au temps de la Covid-19.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists from various departments of a hospital centre in the Paris region intervened with the establishment's nursing and non-nursing staff. They gathered testimonies related to the experience of the first wave of this health crisis. They offer their interpretation of the event, which highlights the climate of uncertainty that reigned, both in its health and political dimensions.

Path Analysis between Pest Occurrence and Nutritional Status of Soybean under Phosphate Fertilization.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The phytophagous insects select their host plants according to plant tissue nutritional quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to correlate the direct and indirect effects of phosphate fertilization on the nutritional status of the soybean crop and its relationship with the occurrence of insect pests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of phosphate fertilization on soybean was evaluated using two phosphate sources, Single Superphosphate (SSP) and Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP), applied at five rates of P2O5. A sampling of insects initiated from stage V5 and was done weekly. Leaves were collected for nutrient analysis stage R1, in stage R9 was harvest was carried out. SSP or MAP phosphate fertilization in soybean affected the incidence of Chrysodeixis includens, Helicoverpa armigera, Elasmopalpus lignosellus and Euschistus heros. RESULTS: The plants treated with MAP had the infestation reduced compared with plants treated with SSP. Higher contents of Cu and Fe in the leaf reduces the incidence of insect-pests, whereas the opposite occurred with Mn. The occurrence of E. lignosellus reduced soybean yield. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the source and rates of phosphorus in soybean fertilization change the concentration of macro and micronutrients in the leaves and affect the behavior and incidence of pest species.

Virulence of Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) Strains Against Stinkbugs Euschistus heros and Dichelops furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

Three strains of fungi belonging to the genus Metarhizium Sorokin (ARSEF 4556, ARSEF 3297, native strain) were assayed against adults and nymphs of the Neotropical brown stinkbug Euschistus heros (F.) and the green-belly stinkbug Dichelops furcatus (F.). The most virulent strain, ARSEF 4556, caused over 90% mortality. The average survival time of the second and fifth instar nymphs and adults following immersion in 1 × 108 conidia ml-1 was 4.8, 5.7, and 5.2 d, respectively. The second instar nymphs were more susceptible than the adults. The LC50 values and median survival times for second instar and adult E. heros were 1.6 × 107 and 3.1 × 107 conidia ml-1 and 6 and 8 d, respectively. Eggs of E. heros and the closely related stinkbug, D. furcatus, were highly susceptible to ARSEF 4556 with the mean mortality of eggs immersed in 1 × 108 conidia ml-1 being 77.4% and 89.7%, respectively. The strain 3297 showed also good aptitudes for stinkbugs control with mortalities higher than 80% against nymphs and adults and eggs mortalities of 75.5% for E. heros and 79.6% for D. furcatus. This study has shown that it is possible to have a two-pronged control strategy, targeting adults and to reduce oviposition and targeting egg clusters to prevent emergence and dispersal of nymphs. Besides early instars of nymphs have been shown to be more susceptible to the fungal strains than late instars and adults.

Redescription of the final stadium larva of Megalestes heros Needham from Fujian, China, with discussion of the characters of genus Megalestes Selys (Odonata: Zygoptera: Synlestidae).

The final stadium larva of Megalestes heros Needham, 1930 is redescribed and illustrated in detail. It is characterized by having a long and cylindrical body, a very long prementum with two end hooks of unequal size on lateral lobe, parallel wing sheaths, long and slender legs, female ovipositor short reaching the basal third of S10, and based on a distinct abdominal color pattern. The major diagnostic characters of the larvae of the genus Megalestes are as follows: (1) body smooth and slender, with long abdomen and leaf-shaped caudal gills; (2) antenna filiform, seven-segmented,third segment longest; (3) median cleft present in median lobe of prementum; lateral lobe with two end hooks of unequal size, the inner one being longer and larger than the outer, movable hook without setae; (4) wing sheaths parallel to each other.

Complete mitochondrial DNA genome of banded cichlid Heros severus Heckel, 1840 (Perciformes: Cichlidae).

In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of Heros severus Heckel, 1840 (Perciformes, Cichlidae). This mitochondrial genome, consisting of 16,577 base pairs (bp), contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 noncoding control regions (control region and origin of light-strand replication) as those found in other vertebrates. Control region, of 917 bp in length, is located between tRNAPro and tRNAPhe. Within the control region, typical conserved domains, such as the termination-associated sequence (TAS), central, and conserved sequence blocks domains were identified. The overall base composition of the heavy strand shows 27.6% of T, 26.3% of C, 29.3% of A, and 16.8% of G, with a slight A + T rich feature (56.9%). The complete mitogenome data provide useful genetic markers for the studies on the molecular identification, population genetics, phylogenetic analysis, and conservation genetics.

El mito del nacimiento del héroe / Mythe de la naissance du héros / The myth of the birth of the hero

El autor recorre el pensamiento freudiano acerca de los mitos en general, y el mito del nacimiento del héroe en particular. Pone de manifiesto la relación entre la novela familiar del neurótico y dicho mito, a la vez que recorre otros textos en los que Freud expresa su visión de este mito como expresión de deseos profundos tanto ontogénicos como filogenéticos. (AU)

The author traces Freudian thinking about myths in general, and the myth of the birth of the hero in particular. He exposes the relationship between the neurotic’s family romance and this very myth, while going through other texts in which Freud expresses his vision of the myth of the birth of the hero as an expression of deep desires both, ontogenic and phylogenetic. (AU)

L’auteur voyage à travers la pensée freudienne á propos des mythes en général et du mythe de la Naissance du Héros en particulier. Il met en évidence la relation entre le roman familial du névrosé et ce mythe en parcourant d’autres textes dans lesquels Freud exprime sa vision sur le mythe de la naissance du héros comme une expression de profonds désirs à la fois ontogéniques et phylogénétiques. (AU)

The Fitness and Economic Benefits of Rearing the Parasitoid Telenomus podisi Under Fluctuating Temperature Regime.

Successful biological control requires detailed knowledge about the mass rearing conditions of the control agents in order to ensure higher quality of field-released insects. Thus, we investigated whether rearing fluctuating thermal condition would affect the fitness and costs of the parasitoid wasp Telenomus podisi Ashmead (a biocontrol agent used for controlling the Neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros (Fabricius)) when compared with parasitoid reared at constant temperature condition, which is commonly used in insect facilities. Parasitoids were reared under either constant (continuous exposure at 25 ± 2°C) or fluctuating temperature conditions (i.e., 30 ± 2°C during day and 20 ± 2°C at night) during four consecutive generations. Our results indicated that tested fluctuating temperature is more suitable for rearing of T. podisi as such temperature condition not only resulted in fitness benefits (e.g., shorter developmental time, longer female longevity, higher fecundity/fertility) but also reduced (approximately 23.5%) the estimated costs for producing the parasitoids. Furthermore, rearing T. podisi under fluctuating temperatures improved tolerance to low constant temperatures (i.e., 20°C) without changing the tolerance to constant high temperatures (30°C) in the fourth generation. Surprisingly, even parasitoids that developed under fluctuating thermal conditions performed better than those reared at constant temperature of 25°C. Collectively, our findings suggest that T. podisi reared under fluctuating thermal condition can tolerate better fluctuating temperatures that normally occur both during long periods of transport and in agricultural ecosystems, which will increase the quality and productivity of mass-reared T. podisi for inundative releases.

Population Genomics of the Neotropical Brown Stink Bug, Euschistus heros: The Most Important Emerging Insect Pest to Soybean in Brazil.

Recent changes in soybean management like the adoption of transgenic crops and no-till farming, in addition to the expansion of cultivated areas into new virgin frontiers, are some of the hypotheses that can explain the rise of secondary pests, such as the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, in Brazil. To better access the risk of increased pests like E. heros and to determine probabilities for insecticide resistance spreading, it is necessary first to access the levels of the genetic diversity, how the genetic diversity is distributed, and how natural selection is acting upon the natural variation. Using the genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technique, we generated ~60,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the E. heros genome to answer some of those questions. The SNP data was used to investigate the pattern of genetic structure, hybridization and natural selection of this emerging pest. We found that E. heros populations presented similar levels of genetic diversity with slightly higher values at several central locations in Brazil. Our results also showed strong genetic structure separating northern and southern Brazilian regions (FST = 0.22; p-value = 0.000) with a very distinct hybrid zone at the central region. The analyses also suggest the possibility that GABA channels and odorant receptors might play a role in the process of natural selection. At least one marker was associated with soybean and beans crops, but no association between allele frequency and cotton was found. We discuss the implications of these findings in the management of emerging pests in agriculture, particularly in the context of large areas of monoculture such as soybean and cotton.

Health effect research on Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HEROS) in Korea: a cohort profile.

PURPOSE: The Hebei Spirit Oil Spill occurred on 7 December 2007 and resulted in the spillage of 12 547 kl of crude oil on the coastline near Taean. Historically, this was the largest oil spill in Korean water. The health effect research on Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HEROS) is a prospective cohort study that aimed to evaluate the long-term health effects of oil spill exposure on residents in the affected community. PARTICIPANTS: The Taean Environmental Health Center initially enrolled adults, adolescents and children living in Taean in 2009 and 2010. Follow-up surveys of participating adults and children were conducted every other year. By 2017, a total of 9585 adults and 2216 children and adolescents were enrolled. Of these, 294 adults and 102 children and adolescents were included in all subsequent surveys. FINDINGS TO DATE: Children who lived closer to the oil spill site exhibited a lower level of pulmonary function and higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis, than those who lived further away from the oil spill site. Adults who lived in a highly exposed area or participated in clean-up work had higher urine levels of the oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Changes in haematological parameters during a 3-year period were observed in residents of both sexes in highly exposed areas, in addition to increases in respiratory diseases and mental health problems in female and male participants, respectively. FUTURE PLANS: The findings of this study will better enable policy makers to develop environmental health policies intended to prevent adverse health effects in residents of communities affected by oil spills, as well as policies regarding the management of future oil accidents. The HEROS study will continue to follow participants in future and will be updated to enable an investigation of long-term health effects.

An iflavirus found in stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) of four different species.

An analysis of transcriptomes from the antennae of the three South American stink bugs (Euschistus heros, Chinavia ubica, and Dichelops melacanthus) revealed the presence of picorna-like virus genome-length RNAs with high sequence identity to the genome of Halyomorpha halys virus (HhV), originally discovered in the transcriptome of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys. Features of the genome, phylogenetic relationships to other viruses, and the appearances of virus-like particles isolated from host stink bugs all confirm that these viruses are iflaviruses and isolates of an undescribed species. Iflavirus RNAs were present at high levels (40%-90% of transcriptome reads) in the stink bug antennal transcriptomes. In whole-insect transcriptomes of H. halys, HhV reads were >500-fold more abundant in adults than in nymphs. We identified from field population a subject of species E. heros infected by this iflavirus. The results of the analysis suggest that these iflaviruses are able to produce large quantities of their RNAs without causing any obvious pathology to their hosts.

The tissue viability imaging system-Suitable method for discovering minimal skin changes in occupational screenings? Results of a cross-sectional field study.

BACKGROUND: For early detection of initial skin changes in occupational screenings, only few objective assessment systems are available. OBJECTIVES: With the aim of assessing an objective measurement method for hand eczema, we trialed the application of the tissue viability imaging (TiVi) system, quantifying erythema non-invasively by polarized light spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a field study with 625 employees of a semiconductor production company, 411 were exposed to prolonged wearing of occlusive gloves in the clean room. TiVi system and Hand Eczema Score for Occupational Screenings (HEROS), a quantitative skin score for the hands, were used, supplemented by a standardized personal interview. RESULTS: TiVi values of 65 up to 246 for each hand (palm or back), for each participant summed to overall 289 up to 848 (median 389), were measured. Higher TiVi values were noted for men, smokers, and with increasing age. Correlation between TiVi and HEROS was only weak. Several factors like skin pigmentation, thickness of the skin, or tattoos seem to influence TiVi results. CONCLUSIONS: The practical relevance of one-time measurements with the TiVi system in occupational screenings seems to be limited. Specifically, the TiVi system cannot replace dermatological examinations at the workplace. Notwithstanding, the application for other scientific purposes might be useful.

Liposome encapsulation and EDTA formulation of dsRNA targeting essential genes increase oral RNAi-caused mortality in the Neotropical stink bug Euschistus heros.

BACKGROUND: The Neotropical stink bug Euschistus heros is a major pest in soybean fields. Development of highly species-specific pesticides based on RNA interference (RNAi) could provide a new sustainable and environmentally friendly control strategy. RESULTS: Here, the potential of RNAi as a pest control tool against E. heros was assessed. First, target gene selection using a microinjection approach was performed. Seven of the 15 candidate genes tested exhibited > 95% mortality after hemolymph injection of 27.5 ng dsRNA. Subsequently, dsRNA was administered orally using different formulations: naked dsRNA, liposome-encapsulated-dsRNA and dsRNA formulated with EDTA. Liposome-encapsulated dsRNA targeting vATPase A and muscle actin led to significant mortality after 14 days (45% and 42%, respectively), whereas EDTA-formulated dsRNA did so for only one of the target genes. Ex vivo analysis of the dsRNA stability in collected saliva indicated a strong dsRNA-degrading capacity by E. heros saliva, which could explain the need for dsRNA formulations. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that continuous ingestion of dsRNA with EDTA or liposome-encapsulated dsRNA can prevent dsRNA from being degraded enzymatically and suggest great potential for using these formulations in dsRNA delivery to use RNAi as a functional genomics tool or for pest management of stink bugs. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

O herói na psicanálise de Freud e Lacan: revolução e subversão / Le héros dans la psychanalyse de Freud et Lacan: révolution et subversion / El héroe en la psicoanálisis de Freud y Lacan: revolución y subversión / The hero in Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis: revolution and subversion

Resumo Embora o herói não receba um estatuto propriamente conceitual, o termo é recorrente no pensamento de Freud e Lacan no cerne da elaboração teórico-clínica da psicanálise. Este texto trabalha os desdobramentos das significações do herói de acordo com as transformações da metapsicologia analítica. A partir disso, traz duas dimensões do herói no âmbito dos destinos do sujeito no mal-estar na civilização: a revolução, que se lança a uma transformação nos laços sociais, mas promove a manutenção do lugar do Pai, e a subversão, que avança em um ato que produz mudanças em relação às coordenadas simbólico-imaginárias que determinam o sujeito.

Résumé Bien que le héros ne reçoive pas un statut proprement conceptuel, ce terme est récurrent dans les pensées de Freud et Lacan dans les développements théorico-cliniques de la psychanalyse. Cet article traite des significations du héros selon les transformations de la métapsychologie. De là, il apporte deux dimensions du héros à propos des destins du sujet dans le malaise de la civilisation: la révolution, qui se lance vers une transformation des liens sociaux, mais qui favorise la manutention de la place du Père ; et la subversion, qui avance dans un acte qui produit des changements par rapport aux coordonnées symboliques-imaginaires qui déterminent le sujet.

Resumen Aunque el héroe no reciba un estatuto propiamente conceptual, este término es recurrente en el pensamiento de Freud y Lacan en el centro de la elaboración teórico-clínica del psicoanálisis. Este texto trabaja los desdoblamientos de las significaciones del héroe de acuerdo con las transformaciones de la metapsicología analítica. A partir de eso, trae dos dimensiones del héroe en el ámbito de los destinos del sujeto en el malestar de la civilización: la revolución, que se lanza a una transformación en los lazos sociales, pero promueve el mantenimiento del lugar del Padre; y la subversión, que avanza en un acto que produce cambios con relación a las coordenadas simbólico-imaginarias que determinan al sujeto.

Abstract Although the hero does not receive a properly conceptual statute, the term is recurrent in Freudian and Lacanian thoughts inside the theoretical-clinical elaborations of Psychoanalysis. This study unfolds the meanings of hero according to the transformations of analytical metapsychology. From this, it brings two dimensions of the hero regarding the destinies of the subject inside civilization and its discontents: revolution, which is launched to a transformation in social bonds, but promotes the maintenance of the Father's place; and subversion, which advances in an act that produces changes regarding the symbolic and imaginary coordinates that determines the subject.

Brown Stink Bug Mortality by Seed Extracts of Tephrosia Vogelii Containing Deguelin and Tephrosin

ABSTRACT Extracts of the seeds of Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. were studied in relation to its chemical composition and toxicity to the brown stink bug Euschistus heros (F.). The extracts were obtained in ethyl acetate and ethanol in the sequence according to the polar nature of the solvents. Extracts were sprayed in concentration of 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% on third-instars nymphs and adults, and mortality was recorded. Presence two rotenoids in ethyl acetate was detected, with analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Crude fraction analyses confirmed the presence of these rotenoids (tephrosin - 2.71% in ethyl acetate and 3.66% in methanol; and deguelin - 10.46% in ethyl acetate and 1.22% in methanol) and three other rotenoids in small amounts. Eight days after applications, ethyl acetate caused more stink bugs mortality and on less time than ethanol extract, because great quantity of rotenoids, as polarity. Concentrations above to 1 and 2.5% of the ethyl acetate extracts caused mortality above 80% of the nymphs and adults of E. heros, respectively. Concentration were considered high, thus chemist analyzes demonstrated high rotenoids presence. In conclusion, seed T. vogelli extracts, rich in deguelin and tephrosin (3:1), cause mortality of E. heros, however, high concentration are necessary.

Por onde andam os heróis? / Where are the heroes?

Este artigo aborda a existência do herói, na atualidade, por meio de contraponto com o herói clássico que tinha como princípio o amor à vida ou a honra de seu ser. Percorre dois marcos decisivos para a alteração da concepção do heroico, ou seja, a democracia grega e os novos valores que propiciam a construção de políticas excludentes do sujeito, especialmente a partir da modernidade, repercutindo decisivamente na constituição da subjetividade contemporânea e nas relações entre os homens. A psicanálise é oaporte teórico nessa leitura do social. Mediante a análise das novas formas discursivas da atualidade, concluiu-se que o herói se caracteriza como ídolo de barro, desprovido de honra, vergonha e desbussolado, na crença de que tudo é possível e de que é preciso gozar sem limites

This article discusses the existence of the hero, nowadays, by means of counterpoint with the classic hero, whose principle was the love of life or the honor of his being. It goes through two decisive milestones for the change in the conception of the heroic, that is, Greek democracy and the new values that propitiate the construction of exclusionary policies of the subject, especially from modernity, having a decisive repercussion on the constitution of contemporary subjectivity and relations between men. Psychoanalysis is the theoretical contribution in this reading of the social. Through the analysis of the new discursive forms of the present time, it was concluded that the hero is characterized as a clay idol, devoid of honor, shame and bewilderment, in the belief that everything is possible and that it is necessary to enjoy without limits

Cet article discute l'existence d'un héros actuel, contrepoint du héros classique dont le principe est l'amour de la vie ou encore l'honneur de son être. Cette transformation passe par deux moments décisifs avant d'atteindre la conception actuelle de l'acte héroïque, il s'agit de la démocratie grecque et des nouvelles valeurs qui favorisent la construction de politiques d'exclusion du sujet, notamment la modernité, dont la répercussion est décisive sur la constitution de la subjectivité contemporaine et dans les relations humaines. La psychanalyse apporte une contribution théorique à cette lecture sociale. Ceci au moyen de l'analyse des nouvelles formes discursives. On a ainsi conclu que le héros actuel se caractérise comme idole d'argile dépourvue d'honneur et de honte, désorientée, croyant que tout est possible et qu'il est nécessaire de jouir sans limite

The natural plant stress elicitor cis-jasmone causes cultivar-dependent reduction in growth of the stink bug, Euschistus heros and associated changes in flavonoid concentrations in soybean, Glycine max.

To test the hypothesis that the plant stress related elicitor cis-jasmone (cJ) provides protection in soybean pods against the seed-sucking stink bug pest, Euschistus heros, the growth of E. heros on cJ-treated pods was investigated using three soybean cultivars differing in insect susceptibility, i.e. BRS 134 (susceptible), IAC 100 (resistant) and Dowling (resistant). E. heros showed reduced weight gain when fed cJ-treated Dowling, whereas no effect on weight gain was observed when fed other treated cultivars. Using analysis of variance, a three factor (cultivar x treatment x time) interaction was observed with concentrations of the flavonoid glycosides daidzin and genistin, and their corresponding aglycones, daidzein and genistein. There were increases in genistein and genistin concentrations in cJ-treated Dowling at 144 and 120 h post treatment, respectively. Higher concentrations of malonyldaidzin and malonylgenistin in Dowling, compared to BRS 134 and IAC 100, were observed independently of time, the highest concentrations being observed in cJ-treated seeds. Levels of glycitin and malonylglycitin were higher in BRS 134 and IAC 100 compared to Dowling. Canonical variate analysis indicated daidzein (in the first two canonical variates) and genistein (in the first only) as important discriminatory variables. These results suggest that cJ treatment leads to an increase in the levels of potentially defensive isoflavonoids in immature soybean seeds, but the negative effect upon E. heros performance is cultivar-dependent.